Ntau cov kua qaub dyes

Ntau cov kua qaub dyes

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntub dej dyeing thiab ua tiav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj cov concentration ntawm acid, alkali thiab ntsev hauv cov dej ua haujlwm kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom zoo. Kev siv cov kua qaub, cov hauv paus thiab ntsev hauv cov txheej txheem dyeing thiab ua tiav yog xaiv los ntawm lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov nqi. Cov hauv qab no tham txog cov acids tseem ceeb hauv kev dyeing thiab tiav cov txheej txheem.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv cov kua qaub yog tsim kom muaj hydrogen ion concentration ntau dua li cov dej ntshiab, thiab hydrogen ion concentration ntawm cov dej ntshiab yog 1 × 10-7mol / L.

Cov kua qaub muaj zog muaj ionized hauv dej, xws li hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid; Cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog yog ib feem ionized hauv dej, xws li acetic acid. Acid yog siv rau kev hloov pH thiab pH tswj thiab rau nruab nrab tom qab ntau yam alkali pretreatment, dyeing thiab xov, thiab acid kuj siv tau rau impurity tshem tawm. Nyob rau hauv ntau zaus, ib tug tsis system nrog acid raws li ib tug tivthaiv los tswj pH yog tsim nyog.

Hydrochloric acid yog aqueous tov ntawm hydrogen chloride, uas yog ib tug muaj zog acid thiab ionized kiag li nyob rau hauv dej. Hydrochloric acid feem ntau yog siv los nruab nrab cov hauv paus, piv txwv li: hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj pleev xim, hydrochloric acid yog siv los nruab nrab cov amino pawg los tsim cov cationic pawg. Thaum kho cov xim, cov cationic pawg yog electrostatically ua ke nrog anionic dyes los tsim cov dej-insoluble ntsev tso rau ntawm fibers, uas yuav zoo heev txhim kho cov xim ceev ntawm cov ntaub.

Sulfuric acid yog cov kua qaub uas muaj zog thiab ua tiav ionizes hauv dej. Feem ntau siv rau pickling, xws li carbonization ntawm wool, carbonization yog raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub plaub fibers thiab cellulose tshuaj mus rau inorganic acids muaj zog. Cov nroj tsuag impurities nyob rau hauv cov ntaub plaub nyoos, xws li cov noob nyom, nyom stalks, nyom nplooj thiab hemp shavings, feem ntau entangled nrog cov ntaub plaub.

Lub hav zoov ntawm cov impurities tsis tsuas yog coj ntau yam teeb meem rau carding thiab spinning, tab sis kuj txo qhov zoo ntawm wool yarn, cuam tshuam cov tsos ntawm cov ntaub, thiab yooj yim ua rau dyeing tsis xws luag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum dyeing tsaus xim, uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm carbonization. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub tsis huv hauv cov ntaub plaub nyoos yog cellulose, thiab cov hlua fiber ntau yuav raug hydrolyzed thaum kho nrog sulfuric acid ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los tsim cov oligomeric cellulose brittle, uas yog ces crushed kom tshem tawm plua plav thiab ntaub plaub.

Citric acid yog nruab nrab-muaj zog acid, uas yog ib feem ionized nyob rau hauv dej. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los tiv thaiv shrinkage thiab anti-wrinkle xov. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sab nraud quab yuam, cov cellulose molecular ntu raug tshem tawm, thiab hydrogen bonds thiab van der Waals rog tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm tshiab, thiab tsis rov qab los. mus rau qhov qub txoj hauj lwm, ua rau wrinkles.

Nyob rau hauv lub anti-shrinkage thiab anti-wrinkle tiav ntawm ntshiab paj rwb fabrics, citric acid yog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm high kub los tsim acid anhydride, thiab cov kua qaub anhydride tsim ib tug ester daim ntawv cog lus nrog cov hydroxyl pab pawg neeg ntawm cellulose los kho cov cellulose molecular ntu thiab tiv thaiv lub tshem tawm ntawm molecular ntu. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, carboxylic acid yuav raug tsim, uas yuav ua rau hydrolysis ntawm cellulose molecules, thiab lub zog ntawm ntshiab paj rwb ntaub yuav txo. Yog li ntawd, qee cov alkalis, xws li urea thiab sodium acetate, yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tiav.

Formic acid, tseem hu ua formic acid, yog cov kua tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab nrog qhov ntom ntawm 1.22g / cm3, qhov kub ntawm 100.6 degree, lub melting point ntawm 8.2 degree thiab flash point ntawm 68.89 degree. Soluble nyob rau hauv dej, ether, ethanol, glycerin, thiab lwm yam Formic acid yog ib tug nruab nrab-muaj zog acid, uas yog ib feem ionized nyob rau hauv dej thiab yog tsuas yog siv rau antisepsis.

Acetic acid yog ib qho mob acid uas yog ib feem ionized hauv dej thiab siv los kho pH ntawm cov tshuaj zas xim. Piv txwv li: kho tus nqi pH thaum dyeing protein fibers nrog qaug zog acid dyes; kho pH tus nqi thaum dyeing ester fibers nrog disperse dyes; kho tus nqi pH thaum dyeing acrylic fibers nrog cationic dyes.

Nws yog siv los kho tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj oxidizing thaum vat dyes los yog sulfur dyes yog siv los zas cellulose fibers rau oxidation. Tsis muaj zog acid dyes muaj ib tug complex molecular qauv thiab tsis zoo them tom qab ionization nyob rau hauv dej, thiab muaj loj hydrogen bonds thiab van der Waals rog nrog fibers.

Lub isoelectric point ntawm wool yog 4.2-4.8, thiab isoelectric point ntawm txhob lo lo ntxhuav yog 3.5-5.2, uas yog nruab nrab rau tsis zoo nqi nyob rau hauv weakly acidic tej yam kev mob. Tsis muaj zog acid dyes mas dye wool los yog txhob lo lo ntxhuav los ntawm hydrogen bonds thiab van der Waals rog, thiab cov acidity yog txhim khu kev qha. Thaum tus nqi pH qis dua qhov taw tes isoelectric, cov ntaub plaub lossis cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav yuav raug them ib nrab, thiab tus nqi dyeing yuav nce. Uas yog hais tias, thawj dyeing tus nqi yog siab, thiab nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau dye paj. Thaum tus nqi pH siab, cov ntaub plaub lossis cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav yuav muaj cov nqi tsis zoo, thiab cov electrostatic repulsion ntawm nws thiab cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog yuav nce, ua rau nws nyuaj rau zas. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi pH ntawm cov dye da dej yog kho nrog acetic acid kom nws siab me ntsis ntawm isoelectric point, uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov dyeing uniform.

Thaum dyeing polyester fibers nrog disperse dyes, kho tus nqi pH nrog acetic acid; Thaum siv hydrosulfite rau txo kev tu, kho tus nqi pH nrog acetic acid.

Cov pab pawg acid uas muaj nyob rau hauv acrylic fiber yog ionized hauv dej, uas ua rau saum npoo ntawm cov fiber ntau tsis zoo, thiab cov cationic dye dissolves nyob rau hauv dej los tsim ib tug zoo nqi pigment ion. Vim electrostatic attraction, cov xim yog adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm fiber. Thaum qhov kub ntawm lub dye da dej nce mus rau lub iav hloov kub ntawm acrylic fiber, cov dye diffuses los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub fiber mus rau sab hauv, thiab yog tsau nrog cov acid pab pawg neeg ntawm fiber los ntawm ionic daim ntawv cog lus. Vim tus nqi siab, nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau dye paj. Acetic acid khi sai sai rau cov kua qaub ntawm acrylic fiber, tab sis cov cationic dye khi ruaj khov rau cov kua qaub. Yog li ntawd, ntxiv acetic acid tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev ua kom tsis zoo dyeing.

Thaum vat dyes dye cellulose fiber pawg, ua ntej, vat dyes tsim leucobody nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sodium hydroxide thiab sodium hydrosulfite, thiab leucobody dyes cov fiber, thiab ces oxidizes xim nyob rau hauv hydrogen peroxide tov. Lub sijhawm no, cov tshuaj oxidizing yuav tsum tau siv Acetic acid kho pH.

Thaum sulfur dyes dye cellulose fibers, thawj sulfur dyes tsim leucobody nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sodium polysulfide, leucobody dyes lub fiber, thiab ces oxidizes nyob rau hauv sodium dichromate tov los tsim xim. Lub sijhawm no, cov tshuaj oxidizing yuav tsum tau kho cov pH nrog acetic acid Vim yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm sodium dichromate rau tib neeg lub cev, nws tau raug txwv, thiab tam sim no hydrogen peroxide maj mam hloov los ntawm sodium dichromate.